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NMR Analysis and Consulting (217) 423 2517 |
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HMQC HMQC is a 2-D method used to determine 1H-13C
connectivities.
An example is shown below using 2,4-nonadien-1-ol. We are not certain about the two
geometrical configurations.
First the 1H NMR is obtained.
The assignments for the resonances are as follows: H1 – 4.2 ppm (d), H2 and H5 -
5.7 ppm (m), H3 - 6.25 ppm (dd), H4- 6.05 ppm (dd), H6 – 2.1 ppm (q), H7 and H8 – 1.3 ppm (m), H9 – 0.8 ppm (t). Assignments were confirmed using another 2D
method similar to COSY, viz. TOCSY,
as far as we could overlaps not withstanding. Next the 13C NMR is obtained.
We can assign C1 to 63.8 ppm, C8 to 22.4 ppm, and C9 to 14.1
ppm. C2, C3, C4, C5 generate the three
peaks at 129.5, 132.4 and 136.1 ppm, C6 and C7 at 32.5 ppm and 31.6 ppm
. We need to assign the shifts from
the six remaining carbon atoms. C6 and
C7 are similar in the 13C spectra but are well separated in the 1H
spectra. The H7 and H8 overlap in the 1H
NMR but are well separated in the 13C spectra. Below is the HMQC spectra of 2,4-nonadien-1-ol. Along the vertical dimension, F1, the 13C
shifts are displayed and along the horizontal dimension, F2, the 1H
shifts are displayed. The observed
cross peaks result from direct 1 bond 1H - 13C
couplings. The F2, F1 coordinates,
i.e., the 1H and 13C shifts, are given next to each
cross peak.
There are four distinct peaks in the olefinic region resulting from the 4 carbons (C2, C3, C4,
C5). The HMQC spectrum splits the 129.5 ppm 13C
resonance indicating the presence of 2 carbons with distinct 1H
resonance, 5.67 and 6.0 ppm.
The 5.67 ppm signals come from H2 and H5 and the 6.0 ppm from H4. The 13C resonance at 132.4 ppm corresponds to the 1H
resonance at 6.2 ppm which is C3. The 13C
resonance at 136.1 ppm corresponds to the 1H resonance at 5.66 ppm
which is either C2 or C5. Considering 13C
chemical shifts it would be more likely that the 13C resonance
at 129.5 ppm would be from C2, b to the OH, and the 136.1 signal from C-5 bearing the 4 carbon chain. Now a complete assignment of the olefinic carbons has been made: C2 (5.67, 129.5), C3 ( 6.2,132.4), C4
(6.0, 129.5) and C5 (5.67, 136.1). The assignments in the aliphatic region can be assigned in a similar
manner. H6 resonates at 2.1 ppm, which
correlates to the 13C resonance at 33.4 ppm. Therefore the peak in the `13C
spectrum at 32.5 ppm can be assigned to C6, note the slight variation between
the values obtained from the 13C and the HMQC. H7 and H8 resonances overlap but are well
separated in the HMQC spectrum, (1.32, 32.1) and (1.30, 22.4). Assignments for H7 and H8 can be made by
evaluating the 13C resonances.
C7 resonates at 32.1 ppm and C8 resonates at 22.4 ppm. Complete assignment of the aliphatic
carbons has been made: C6 (2.0, 33.4),
C7 (1.32, 32.1), C8 (1.30, 22.4) and C9 (0.84, 14.1). HMQC is a very powerful method to allow complete assignment of
peaks, there is direct correlation between the 1 H and 13C resonances. HMQC is helpful in making assignments and
structural elucidation of molecules of pharmaceutical interest.
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